C-5One Canadian Economy Act
An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act
Government bill, introduced in the House of Commons on June 6, 2025
- Status
- Became law on June 26, 2025 · S.C. 2025, c. 2
- Sponsor
- Dominic LeBlancLiberal
- President of the King’s Privy Council for Canada and Minister responsible for Canada-U.S. Trade, Intergovernmental Affairs, Internal Trade, and One Canadian Economy
What it does
Creates rules to reduce federal barriers to interprovincial trade and labour mobility, and sets a special process for certain projects named in the national interest.
What it does
- Creates a federal framework that treats goods and services meeting provincial or territorial requirements as meeting comparable federal requirements for interprovincial movement.
- Recognizes provincial and territorial occupational authorizations, and can issue comparable federal authorizations to people who hold them.
- Lets the Governor in Council make regulations about federal barriers to moving goods, services, and labour within Canada.
- Lets the Governor in Council add a project and a short description to a schedule if it is considered to be in the national interest.
- Deems certain findings and opinions under other federal laws to have been made in favour of projects named in Schedule 1, for the authorizations needed to carry them out.
- Requires a designated minister to issue a document setting out project conditions, and that document is treated as the required authorizations named in it. It also requires an annual independent review of each national interest project.
Who it affects
- Businesses trading across provinces
- Workers with provincial licences
- Project proponents
- Federal regulators
- Provincial and territorial governments
Background
The bill was introduced in the House of Commons on 6 June 2025 and had first reading that day. It would enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act.
Where it is
House of Commons
First reading
Completed.
Second reading
Completed.
Committee
Completed.
Report stage
Completed.
Third reading
Completed.
Senate
First reading
Completed.
Second reading
Completed.
Committee
Skipped. Skipped
Third reading
Completed.
Royal assent
Royal assent
Completed.
Introduced by a cabinet minister on behalf of the government. Government bills get set time for debate, so they are the most likely to become law. How a bill becomes law
How the House voted
3rd reading and adoption of Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (Part 2)
Vote 34,
Passed
306 yeato31 nay · 2 paired
Party breakdown for vote 34 Party Position Yea Nay Did not vote Liberal Yea1 broke ranks 166 1 2 Conservative Yea 140 0 3 Bloc Nay 0 22 0 NDP Nay 0 7 0 Green Nay 0 1 0 Total 306 31 3rd reading and adoption of Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (Part 1)
Vote 33,
Passed
335 yeato1 nay · 2 paired
Party breakdown for vote 33 Party Position Yea Nay Did not vote Liberal Yea 167 0 2 Conservative Yea 139 0 4 Bloc Yea 22 0 0 NDP Yea 7 0 0 Green Nay 0 1 0 Total 335 1 Concurrence at report stage of Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act
Vote 32,
Passed
313 yeato24 nay · 2 paired
Party breakdown for vote 32 Party Position Yea Nay Did not vote Liberal Yea1 broke ranks 166 1 2 Conservative Yea 140 0 3 Bloc Nay 0 22 0 NDP Yea 7 0 0 Green Nay 0 1 0 Total 313 24 Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 19)
Vote 31,
Failed
31 yeato306 nay · 2 paired
Party breakdown for vote 31 Party Position Yea Nay Did not vote Liberal Nay1 broke ranks 1 166 2 Conservative Nay 0 140 3 Bloc Yea 22 0 0 NDP Yea 7 0 0 Green Yea 1 0 0 Total 31 306 Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 18)
Vote 30,
Passed
337 yeato0 nay · 2 paired
Party breakdown for vote 30 Party Position Yea Nay Did not vote Liberal Yea 167 0 2 Conservative Yea 140 0 3 Bloc Yea 22 0 0 NDP Yea 7 0 0 Green Yea 1 0 0 Total 337 0 Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 15)
Vote 29,
Failed
140 yeato197 nay · 2 paired
Party breakdown for vote 29 Party Position Yea Nay Did not vote Liberal Nay 0 167 2 Conservative Yea 140 0 3 Bloc Nay 0 22 0 NDP Nay 0 7 0 Green Nay 0 1 0 Total 140 197 Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 11)
Vote 28,
Failed
30 yeato307 nay · 2 paired
Party breakdown for vote 28 Party Position Yea Nay Did not vote Liberal Nay 0 167 2 Conservative Nay 0 140 3 Bloc Yea 22 0 0 NDP Yea 7 0 0 Green Yea 1 0 0 Total 30 307 Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 9)
Vote 27,
Passed
307 yeato30 nay · 2 paired
Party breakdown for vote 27 Party Position Yea Nay Did not vote Liberal Yea 167 0 2 Conservative Yea 140 0 3 Bloc Nay 0 22 0 NDP Nay 0 7 0 Green Nay 0 1 0 Total 307 30 Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 7)
Vote 26,
Passed
337 yeato0 nay · 2 paired
Party breakdown for vote 26 Party Position Yea Nay Did not vote Liberal Yea 167 0 2 Conservative Yea 140 0 3 Bloc Yea 22 0 0 NDP Yea 7 0 0 Green Yea 1 0 0 Total 337 0 Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 5)
Vote 25,
Passed
170 yeato167 nay · 2 paired
Party breakdown for vote 25 Party Position Yea Nay Did not vote Liberal Nay 0 167 2 Conservative Yea 140 0 3 Bloc Yea 22 0 0 NDP Yea 7 0 0 Green Yea 1 0 0 Total 170 167 Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 4)
Vote 24,
Failed
163 yeato174 nay · 2 paired
Party breakdown for vote 24 Party Position Yea Nay Did not vote Liberal Nay 0 167 2 Conservative Yea 140 0 3 Bloc Yea 22 0 0 NDP Nay 0 7 0 Green Yea 1 0 0 Total 163 174 Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 1)
Vote 23,
Failed
31 yeato306 nay · 2 paired
Party breakdown for vote 23 Party Position Yea Nay Did not vote Liberal Nay1 broke ranks 1 166 2 Conservative Nay 0 140 3 Bloc Yea 22 0 0 NDP Yea 7 0 0 Green Yea 1 0 0 Total 31 306 2nd reading of Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act
Vote 13,
Passed
304 yeato29 nay · 4 paired
Party breakdown for vote 13 Party Position Yea Nay Did not vote Liberal Yea 164 0 5 Conservative Yea 140 0 4 Bloc Nay 0 21 1 NDP Nay 0 7 0 Green Nay 0 1 0 Total 304 29
What MPs said
Each party’s first speech on this bill in the House, from Hansard. Excerpts are the speaker’s opening sentences, unedited.
LiberalChrystia Freeland· June 16, 2025
“As we have seen in the strong cross-party support for this legislation, members understand that Canada is at a critical moment.”
Read the full speech on openparliament.caConservativeGaétan Malette· June 16, 2025
“The Prime Minister has recently introduced Bill C-5. A very small number of interprovincial barriers would be eliminated by this bill, which is better than nothing, but tens of billions of dollars of obstacles at the provincial level would remain untouched.”
Read the full speech on openparliament.caBlocSébastien Lemire· June 16, 2025
“In no way does this bill respect this important philosophy, because the government's bill is fundamentally flawed. Ottawa is going to commit everyone to major projects that will take years to complete, with lifespans measured in decades, meaning future generations will be involved.”
Read the full speech on openparliament.caNDPHeather McPherson· June 16, 2025
“Tonight we are discussing the way that Bill C-5 is being pushed through Parliament, and I have to start by saying that Canadians are not short on ambition. Canadians want big, ambitious projects.”
Read the full speech on openparliament.caGreenElizabeth May· June 16, 2025
“The next part of the bill, part 2, which is rather a separate bill and should have been dealt with separately, is an entirely different construct and unlike anything I have ever seen before in legislation. Let us try to walk through this calmly and dispassionately and urge the government to rethink the way this bill is being run through Parliament within four days.”
Read the full speech on openparliament.ca
Read the source
LEGISinfo status: Royal assent received. Bill data from LEGISinfo, votes from openparliament.ca and the House of Commons. Last updated October 13, 2026.